Watching the work or action or performance of an activity for its progress over a period to the expected level Regularly
WHY MONITORING?
To find out any deviation from the strategy or functioning of an activity or performance level of expectation and to take remedial measures for its achivement.
USES OF Monitoring
•Manpower and Material wastage avoided•Bad result at the end avoided•Revised planning done if necessary•Additional inputs planned•Guide the programme officer for correction.
AREAS OF MONITORING
•Supply of forms to B&D Registrars•Receipt of Forms 11,12,13•Receipt of Forms 4 &4A•Receipt of Statistical data in CRS•MCH- AN Regn, Inst.Del., Detection of GDM prevalence, STI/RTI cases,•Immunisation- Supply of Vaccine, logistics, performance, coverage•Vital events- LBs, SBs, ID, MD,Deaths .
WHAT TYPE OF INDICATORS HELP IN MONITORING?
•Input indicators•Performance Indicators
HEALTH POLICY INDICATORS
•High level political commitment to health for all•Allocation of adequate resources for primary health care.•Level of community involvement in attaining health for all.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS
•Rate of population increase•Gross national product or Gross domestic products•Income distribution•Work availability•Adult literacy rate•Adequacy of housing expressed as number of persons per room.
INDICATORS OF THE PROVISION OF HEALTH CARE
•Availability•Physical accessibility•Economic and cultural accessibility•Indicators for assessing
quality of care•Indicators of coverage by primary health care-level of health literacy-availability of safe water in the home or within short walking distance-birth attendance by skilled personnel-avilability of essential drugs through out the year.
HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS
•Percentage of newborn infants with birth weight of at least 2500 g.•Percentage of children that have a weight for age that corresponds to a specified norm.•Infant mortality rate, child mortality rate, under-5 year mortality rate.•Life expectancy at a given age.•Maternal mortality rate.•Disease – specific mortality rate.•Disability rate.
INDICATORS FOR MONITORING HEALTH SERVICES
•Indicators of mortalityIndicators of childhood nutrition•Indicators of water and sanitation•Indicators of disability•Indicators of health & nutrition of the female child, pregnant and lactating women.•Indicators of child spacing•Indicators of immunisation Coverage.
THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INDICATORSIndicators
•Total Fertility Rate
•Contraceptive prevalence
•Maternal Mortality Ratio
•Antenatal Care Coverage
•Births attended by skilled health personnel
•Availability of Basic essential Obstetric care
•Perinatal Mortality Rate•Prevalence of Low Birth weight
•Prevalence of positive syphilis serology in pregnant women
•Prevalence of Anaemia in women
•Percentage of Obstetric and Gynaecological admission to owing to abortion.
•Reported prevalence of women with mutilation
•Prevalence of Infertility in women
•Reported incidence of Urethritis in men•Prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women•Knowledge of HIV related preventive practices.
Total Fertility Rate
•Availability of comprehensive essential Obstetric care ASFR= Births in year to women aged XNo. of women aged X at mid yearAnd TFR= Sum of ASFRs x 5/1000.
Contraceptive prevalence.
Numerator: Number of women of reproductive age at risk of pregnancy who are using (or whose partner is using) a contraceptive method at a given point of time .
